肠道微生物群中的合作演变
Seth Rakoff-Nahoum1,2, Kevin R Foster3, Laurie E Comstock2
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature
|April 26, 2016
概括
合作对于人类肠道微生物来说至关重要. 研究人员发现, 杆菌通过消化胰岛素来表现出进化的合作,
科学领域:
- 微生物学
- 生态学
- 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 微生物群落对于人类健康至关重要.
- 协作行为,如群体感知和生物膜形成,是微生物社区功能的关键.
- 人类肠道生态系统的合作程度在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究人类肠道的主导细菌的合作进化.
- 要确定在使用饮食中的多糖体时,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron是否表现出合作.
- 在其他突出的肠道共生体中识别和描述合作机制,例如 Bacteroides ovatus.
主要方法:
- 使用Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron及其突变的实验进化测定.
- 在体外共同培养系统研究肠道细菌之间的相互作用.
- 在体内评估细菌适应性和殖民性的Gnotobiotic小鼠模型.
- 酶测定以表征多糖消化和交叉养.
主要成果:
- 在某些饮食中的多糖体上生长时,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron表现出有限的合作;缺乏细胞外消化能力的突变物被淘汰.
- 杆菌有专门的酶系统用于细胞外的胰岛素消化,这会产生成本,但对其他物种有利.
- 在B. ovatus中这种交叉食相互作用提供了互惠的好处,在养像Bacteroides vulgatus这样的物种时增强了它的适应性.
结论:
- 在哺乳动物肠道中,微生物物种之间自然演化的合作很少,但很重要.
- 这项研究强调了人类肠道微生物群中的合作性表型的复杂性.
- 了解微生物合作对于理解肠道生态系统功能和健康至关重要.
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