微生物组的变化LPS免疫性有助于人类的自身免疫性
Tommi Vatanen1, Aleksandar D Kostic2, Eva d'Hennezel3
1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
Cell
|May 3, 2016
概括
卫生假设表明早期的微生物暴露会影响免疫发育. 这项研究发现,在芬兰和爱沙尼亚很常见但在俄罗斯不常见的 Bacteroides 细菌可以通过改变免疫反应来预防自身免疫疾病.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 微生物学
- 环境健康
背景情况:
- 卫生假设认为,在生命早期减少微生物暴露会改变免疫成熟,可能会增加自身免疫性疾病的发生率.
- 自免疫性疾病在西方国家更为普遍, 表明环境因素, 如肠道微生物组合, 起作用.
研究的目的:
- 研究婴儿期肠道微生物组的发展与自身免疫性疾病的流行之间的关系.
- 来自不同自身免疫疾病发病率的北欧地区的婴儿的肠道微生物组合进行比较 (芬兰,爱沙尼亚,俄罗斯).
主要方法:
- 对222名婴儿从出生到三岁的肠道微生物组发育的纵向研究.
- 对主要肠道细菌,特别是 Bacteroides 和 Escherichia coli 的脂多糖体 (LPS) 暴露的分析.
- 评估LPS对先天免疫信号的作用,以及对自身免疫糖尿病的小鼠模型的研究.
主要成果:
- 在芬兰和爱沙尼亚的婴儿中,有大量的细菌种类,但在俄罗斯的婴儿中却很少.
- 来自芬兰和爱沙尼亚的婴儿暴露于脂多糖体 (LPS) 的程度较高,而俄罗斯的婴儿则暴露于大肠杆菌的程度较高.
- 与大肠杆菌LPS相比,Bacteroides LPS具有不同的结构和功能性质,抑制先天免疫信号,并未能在小鼠中预防自身免疫糖尿病.
结论:
- 通过免疫性沉默微生物群的早期肠道殖民可能会影响免疫教育.
- 早期微生物暴露的差异,特别是来自Bacteroides与大肠杆菌的LPS,可能导致自身免疫疾病发生率的变化.
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