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全球暴露于心血管风险因素和相关健康影响:目前的知识和数据缺口

Ioanna Tzoulaki¹, Paul Elliott¹, Vasilis Kontis¹

¹From Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (IT); MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (I.T., P.E., V.K., M.E.); School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK (I.T., P.E., V.K., M.E.); Imperial College Wellcome Trust Centre for Global Health Research, London, UK (P.E., M.E.); and WHO Collaborating Centre on NCD Surveillance and Epidemiology, London, UK (P.E., M.E.).

|June 9, 2016

概括

诸如高血压等心血管疾病的危险因素导致全球数百万人死亡. 更好的数据对于有效的预防策略和减少心脏病的全球负担至关重要.

科学领域:

全球健康
流行病学
心血管医学

背景情况:

心血管疾病 (CVD) 仍然是全世界的主要死亡原因.
有效的预防策略需要全面了解心脏病危险因素及其对健康的影响.
目前关于全球心脏病风险因素暴露和影响的数据有限,阻碍了针对性的干预措施.

研究的目的:

提供全球暴露于心脏病危险因素及其相关健康影响的概述.
为了更好地估计心脏病危险因素的影响,确定研究和监测需求.
通过修改可预防的风险因素,概述降低全球心脏病负担的政策选择.

主要方法:

全球比较风险评估研究的审查.
对已确定的心血管疾病风险因素 (高血压,高胆固醇,吸烟,高血糖),体重指数,酒精使用,饮食,环境和身体不活动的数据进行分析.
对全球不同地区因这些风险因素而导致的心血管疾病死亡率进行标准化评估.

主要成果:

已知心血管疾病风险因素和高体重指数导致全球每年约970万人死亡.
高血压是导致心血管疾病死亡的主要危险因素.
根据年龄标准化的心血管疾病死亡率因地区而异,其中中欧和东欧以及中亚的死亡率最高.

结论:

显著的心血管疾病死亡率与可修改的风险因素有关,这凸显了公共卫生干预的必要性.
由于基于人群的暴露数据不足和观察性研究中的潜在偏差,对心脏病危险因素的影响的估计是不确定的.
加强研究,监测和政策制定对于减轻全球心血管疾病负担至关重要.

关键词:

预防疾病流行病学全球卫生人口监测危险因素

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