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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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翻译阅读缓解

Joshua A Arribere, Elif S Cenik, Nimit Jain

    Nature
    |June 10, 2016
    PubMed
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    此摘要是机器生成的。

    细胞可以防止由翻译错误引起的有害C端蛋白延伸. 在3′未翻译区域 (UTR) 的序列降低了蛋白质水平,保护了虫和人类的细胞免受这些错误的影响.

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    科学领域:

    • 分子生物学
    • 遗传学
    • 细胞生物学

    背景情况:

    • 核糖体可能无法在停止编码器结束翻译,导致异常的C端蛋白延伸.
    • 这些扩展的蛋白质可能会破坏细胞功能,现有的监控机制不足以防止它们的积累.
    • 这可能会对细胞过程产生主要的负面影响.

    研究的目的:

    • 调查细胞机制,防止由翻译终结失败导致的C终端扩展蛋白的积累.
    • 确定3′未翻译区域 (UTR) 在减轻这些翻译错误中的作用.
    • 探索包括人类在内的各种物种中这些机制的保护.

    主要方法:

    • 在*Caenorhabditis elegans*中使用转基因和CRISPRCas9基因编辑.
    • 测量mRNA水平和翻译速率以阐明作用机制.
    • 在人体细胞中进行了组织培养试验,以评估人类3′ UTR序列的功能.

    主要成果:

    • 证明3′ UTR序列有效降低了*C. elegans*中C端延伸蛋白的水平.
    • 证据表明3′ UTR介导调节的同时或后翻译机制.
    • 在人类细胞中观察到人类3′ UTR序列的类似降蛋白效应,包括已知的血红蛋白变体.

    结论:

    • 3′未翻译区域 (UTR) 在防止由于翻译终端故障而导致异常C终端延伸的蛋白质积累方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
    • 这些UTR很可能编码导致异常蛋白质不稳定的序,作为对各种翻译错误的保护机制.
    • 这些发现揭示了在C. elegans和人类细胞中减轻翻译错误的负面后果的保存细胞策略.