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相关概念视频

Vision01:24

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Neurons: The Axon01:21

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Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment....
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Microinjection of DNA into Eyebuds in Xenopus laevis Embryos and Imaging of GFP Expressing Optic Axonal Arbors in Intact, Living Xenopus Tadpoles
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发育和成熟视觉电路中的动态轴突翻译

Toshiaki Shigeoka1, Hosung Jung2, Jane Jung2

  • 1Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.

Cell
|June 21, 2016
PubMed
概括

哺乳动物中枢神经系统 (CNS) 轴突中的局部mRNA翻译对于神经电路的发展和维护至关重要. 这项研究提供了轴突转化体的体内证据,揭示了轴突连接和生存所必需的动态基因表达.

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学
  • 分子生物学
  • 遗传学

背景情况:

  • 轴突中的局部mRNA转化对神经元适应至关重要,但在哺乳动物中枢神经系统中缺乏实体证据.
  • 了解轴突mRNA翻译是理解神经电路形成和功能的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 在哺乳动物中枢神经系统轴突中提供局部mRNA转换的直接体内证据.
  • 在发育和成年期描述轴突转化体.
  • 确定控制轴突mRNA翻译的调节机制.

主要方法:

  • 在小鼠中开发了一种创新的轴突-TRAP-RiboTag方法.
  • 在视网膜细胞轴突中进行了与核糖体结合的mRNA深度测序分析.
  • 在体内分析发育和成年人视网膜投射.

主要成果:

  • 在胚胎到产后发育过程中鉴定出正在演变的轴突转基因,其基因用于轴突连接过程,如延长,剪裁和突合生成.
  • 发现了与轴突存活,神经传递和神经退行性疾病相关的复杂轴突转基因.
  • 发现了具有共享上游调节器和促进轴突转换的替代拼接元件的转化共调的mRNA子集.

结论:

  • 在哺乳动物中枢神经系统轴突中证明了复杂的,区别特定的mRNA转化调节.
  • 确定了轴突转换在神经回路的形成和维护中的关键作用.
  • 突出了轴突mRNA转化对神经发育和成年神经元健康的重要性,包括神经退行性疾病的影响.