在韩国急诊室的一次患者接触后的MERS-CoV疫情:流行病学研究
Sun Young Cho1, Ji-Man Kang2, Young Eun Ha1
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 13, 2016
概括
2015年在韩国爆发的MERS-CoV突出显示了在过度拥挤的急诊室中传播的可能性很高. 靠近指数病例是主要的风险因素,强调医疗准备的必要性.
科学领域:
- 传染病流行病学
- 公共卫生准备工作
- 病毒爆发调查
背景情况:
- 2015年在韩国首尔的一家三级医院发生了重大中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒 (MERS-CoV) 爆发.
- 疫情源于一个患者在急诊室的暴露.
研究的目的:
- 调查MERS-CoV疫情的流行病学特征.
- 确定医院环境中的传播动态和风险因素.
主要方法:
- 在急诊室追踪患者和医护人员的联系人.
- 根据与指数案例的接近度对风险的分类 (A,B,C组).
- 实时PCR确认MERS-CoV感染,分析攻击率和潜伏期.
主要成果:
- 在675名患者和218名医护人员中确认了82例MERS-CoV感染.
- 攻击率在A组 (直接接近) 中最高:20%对比5% (B组) 和1% (C组).
- 中位化期为7天,在A组 (5天) 比C组 (11天) 显著短.
结论:
- 过度拥挤的急诊室可以促进MERS-CoV的传播.
- 暴露地点是MERS-CoV传播的关键风险因素.
- 医疗机构需要对新出现的传染病做好充分准备.
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