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相关概念视频

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

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In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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The Bohr Model02:18

The Bohr Model

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Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the...
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Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

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Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
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相关实验视频

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Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps
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基于施罗丁格猫状态的瑞德伯格原子的敏感电表

Adrien Facon1, Eva-Katharina Dietsche1, Dorian Grosso1

  • 1Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员使用单个Rydberg原子测量电场, 接近海森堡极限. 这种量子传感技术实现了高灵敏度的潜在应用,用于检测介质仪器中的电子.

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Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
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Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
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科学领域:

  • 量子计量学
  • 原子物理
  • 电磁学

背景情况:

  • 海森伯格的不确定性原则从根本上限制了测量精度.
  • 超越标准量子极限通常需要非经典状态,在大型系统中很难准备.
  • 之前的方法仅限于用于非经典状态计量的小角动量系统.

研究的目的:

  • 为了证明电场测量超出标准的量子极限使用一个大的角运动量系统.
  • 探索瑞德伯格原子中施罗丁格猫状态的计量潜力,以提高精度.

主要方法:

  • 使用高能量里德伯格状态的单个原子作为具有较大的角动量 (J ≈ 25) 的电表.
  • 通过施罗丁格-猫状态设计了里德伯格原子的非经典进化.
  • 用100纳秒的相互作用时间进行电场测量.

主要成果:

  • 获得了1.2mV/cm的单次射击灵敏度.
  • 在3kHz的重复率下显示了30μV/cm/√Hz的灵敏度.
  • 接近了海森伯格测量精度的基本限制.

结论:

  • 这项工作为高度敏感,非侵入性的电测技术建立了一个新的领域.
  • 使用里德伯格原子和非经典状态开发的方法提供了一种克服标准量子极限的途径.
  • 潜在的应用包括在具有高空间和时间分辨率的中光学装置中检测单个电子.