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基于施罗丁格猫状态的瑞德伯格原子的敏感电表

Adrien Facon¹, Eva-Katharina Dietsche¹, Dorian Grosso¹

¹Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.

|July 15, 2016

概括

研究人员使用单个Rydberg原子测量电场, 接近海森堡极限. 这种量子传感技术实现了高灵敏度的潜在应用,用于检测介质仪器中的电子.

科学领域:

量子计量学
原子物理
电磁学

背景情况:

海森伯格的不确定性原则从根本上限制了测量精度.
超越标准量子极限通常需要非经典状态,在大型系统中很难准备.
之前的方法仅限于用于非经典状态计量的小角动量系统.

研究的目的:

为了证明电场测量超出标准的量子极限使用一个大的角运动量系统.
探索瑞德伯格原子中施罗丁格猫状态的计量潜力,以提高精度.

主要方法:

使用高能量里德伯格状态的单个原子作为具有较大的角动量 (J ≈ 25) 的电表.
通过施罗丁格-猫状态设计了里德伯格原子的非经典进化.
用100纳秒的相互作用时间进行电场测量.

主要成果:

获得了1.2mV/cm的单次射击灵敏度.
在3kHz的重复率下显示了30μV/cm/√Hz的灵敏度.
接近了海森伯格测量精度的基本限制.

结论:

这项工作为高度敏感,非侵入性的电测技术建立了一个新的领域.
使用里德伯格原子和非经典状态开发的方法提供了一种克服标准量子极限的途径.
潜在的应用包括在具有高空间和时间分辨率的中光学装置中检测单个电子.

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