自食,炎症和免疫:控制癌症和治疗的三方
Zhenyu Zhong1, Elsa Sanchez-Lopez1, Michael Karin1
1Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Cell
|July 16, 2016
概括
通过控制炎症和免疫力来抑制瘤. 增强自可以增强抗瘤免疫力,提高癌症免疫疗法的有效性.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学
- 免疫学
- 癌症学
背景情况:
- 自是一种已知的瘤抑制作用的细胞降解过程.
- 新出现的证据强调了自的作用,
- 癌细胞可以通过降低自调节来逃避免疫监测.
研究的目的:
- 探索细胞自主功能之外的自在癌症发展中的作用.
- 研究自如何影响炎症和抗瘤免疫力.
- 评估诱导自的化疗药物在癌症免疫治疗中的潜力.
主要方法:
- 关于自,炎症,免疫和癌症的最新研究的文献综述.
- 通过自影响瘤抗原呈现和免疫细胞活动的机制的分析.
- 检查诱导自细胞死亡的化疗剂的影响.
主要成果:
- 自抑制了促进瘤的炎症,同时增强了瘤抗原的呈现.
- 自刺激导致抗瘤免疫反应的增加.
- 某些化疗可以通过诱导自细胞死亡来增强抗瘤免疫力.
结论:
- 通过调节炎症和抗原呈现,自在调节抗瘤免疫力方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 针对自是一种增强癌症免疫疗法的有希望的策略.
- 进一步研究自,免疫和化疗之间的相互作用对于改善癌症治疗结果至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:27Autophagy
6.0K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
6.0K
01:36Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome
10.4K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
10.4K
01:18Autophagic Cell Death
4.9K
Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
4.9K
01:27Tumor Immunotherapy
2.1K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.1K
01:17Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
5.5K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
5.5K
01:28Inflammatory Response
18.2K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
18.2K