非洲撒哈拉以南地区监狱中的艾滋病毒和结核病
Lilanganee Telisinghe1, Salome Charalambous2, Stephanie M Topp3
1Field Epidemiology Services, Public Health England, Bristol, UK; University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 19, 2016
概括
在撒哈拉以南非洲的监狱中, 艾滋病毒和结核病的发病率高于普通人口. 有限的资源和分散的护理阻碍了有效的预防和治疗,需要增加投资和政策改革.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病
- 流行病学
背景情况:
- 非洲撒哈拉以南地区面临着艾滋病毒和结核病的双重流行.
- 该地区的监狱人口遭受这些疾病的不成比例负担.
- 监狱中关于艾滋病毒和结核病的现有数据往往有限且质量不佳.
研究的目的:
- 在撒哈拉以南非洲监狱调查艾滋病毒和结核病的流行病学.
- 描述可用的卫生服务,并确定服务提供方面的挑战.
- 确定改善监狱卫生计划的研究重点.
主要方法:
- 在2011年至2015年间发表的关于撒哈拉以南非洲监狱HIV和结核病的文献综述.
- 分析了24个国家的数据,并指出数据质量和代表性问题.
- 包括赞比亚,南非,马拉维,尼日利亚和贝宁的监狱卫生政策和服务的五个案例研究.
主要成果:
- 艾滋病毒患病率在2. 3%至34. 9%之间;结核病患病率在0. 4%至16. 3%之间.
- 与一般人群相比, 囚犯群体的艾滋病毒和结核病患病率始终较高.
- 确定的主要障碍包括财政和人力资源的局限性,分散的转诊系统,弱势的卫生系统,审前拘留和过度拥挤.
结论:
- 需要大量的投资来加强撒哈拉以南非洲的监狱卫生系统.
- 制定国家层面的政策指导和人力资源能力建设至关重要.
- 确保在监狱中普及艾滋病毒和结核病预防,治疗和护理,对于实现国际目标和人权义务至关重要.
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