地下水流与透气隔离之间的连接
Reed M Maxwell1, Laura E Condon2
1Integrated GroundWater Modeling Center, Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA. rmaxwell@mines.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 28, 2016
概括
了解大陆淡水流对于水资源管理至关重要. 包括横向地下水流在内显著增加了植物的透气,改善了水文模型.
科学领域:
- 地球和环境科学
- 水文学
- 生态学
背景情况:
- 准确的水文反应预测和陆地水资源管理取决于了解大陆范围的淡水流.
- 陆地水平衡的一个关键不确定性是蒸发转化分为裸土蒸发和植物转化.
研究的目的:
- 通过综合水文模拟,研究大陆范围的透气分区.
- 评估横向地下水流对蒸发透气分区的影响.
主要方法:
- 采用综合水文模拟,结合植被,土地能源过程和地表/地底水文.
- 分析了水表深度,潜热流和透气分区之间的关系.
- 量化了包括横向地下水流在透汗分区的影响.
主要成果:
- 透气分离与水表深度和潜在热量流有关.
- 包括侧面地下水流增加了从47 ± 13%到62 ± 12%的透气分区.
- 这凸显了横向地下水流在陆地水平衡中的重要作用.
结论:
- 侧面地下水流,通常简化或排除在地球系统模型中,对于精确的水文模拟至关重要.
- 对横向地下水流的计算可以调和观测和陆地水流的全球模型之间的差异.
- 这项研究为改善大陆水资源管理和预测提供了一个缺失的环节.
相关概念视频
02:03Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources
27.5K
The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.
27.5K
02:04Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata
32.0K
During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.
32.0K
02:34Water and Mineral Acquisition
36.3K
Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
36.3K
01:26Regulation of Water Output
2.5K
The human body predominantly expels water through the urinary system. On average, an individual generates around 1.5 liters of urine each day. This amount can fluctuate based on how well a person is hydrated, but a critical minimum quantity of urine must be produced to ensure the body's proper functioning. Daily, the kidneys remove 600 to 1200 milliosmoles of dissolved substances, effectively excreting excess minerals and water-soluble toxins such as creatinine, urea, and uric acid from the...
2.5K
02:41Responses to Drought and Flooding
12.3K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
12.3K
01:46The Apoplast and Symplast
55.0K
Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
55.0K