使用杂交的原生生物和脊椎动物适应性免疫系统进行向核酸编辑
Keiji Nishida1, Takayuki Arazoe1, Nozomu Yachie2
1Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
概括
研究人员设计了一种合成复合物,名为Target-AID,它结合了CRISPR/Cas9和脱氨酶,用于精确的DNA单核酸替代. 这种方法降低了毒性,并有效地诱导基因材料的向点突变.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学
- 免疫学
- 生物技术
背景情况:
- 基因变异对于脊椎动物的适应性免疫是至关重要的.
- 身体突变是产生这种变化的关键过程.
- 现有的基因编辑工具可能有局限性,包括毒性和非目标效应.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种针对单核酸DNA替代的新系统.
- 设计一种合成复合物, 结合CRISPR/Cas9和脱氨酶, 实现精确的突变.
- 降低基于核酶的基因编辑系统的毒性.
主要方法:
- 设计了一种缺乏核酶的II型CRISPR/Cas9系统,使用激活诱导的cytidine deaminase (AID) 的PmCDA1,以创建目标-AID复合体.
- 应用Target-AID以诱导特定的点突变,主要在5个基目标范围内.
- 使用 uracil DNA 糖酶抑制剂来抑制哺乳动物细胞中的插入和删除 (indel) 形成.
主要成果:
- 使用合成的Target-AID复合物实现了高效的针对性突变.
- 主要在细胞蛋白中成功诱导单核酸替代.
- 显著降低了与CRISPR/ Cas9系统相关的毒性.
- 通过使用 uracil DNA 糖酶抑制剂,抑制了哺乳动物细胞中的内形成,提高了整体效率.
结论:
- 目标-AID系统为精确的,有针对性的DNA突变产生提供了强大的工具.
- 这种方法最大限度地降低了毒性和体的形成,提高了其在基因工程中的效用.
- 这种工程系统有可能用于适应性免疫研究及其他领域.
相关概念视频
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
2.4K
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
2.4K
CRISPR
58.7K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
58.7K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
7.3K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
7.3K
RNA Editing
10.1K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
10.1K
In-vitro Mutagenesis
17.6K
To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
17.6K


