澳大利亚原住民的基因组历史
Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas1,2,3, Michael C Westaway4, Craig Muller1
1Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nature
|September 23, 2016
概括
基因组数据显示澳大利亚原住民的祖先在25-40万年前出现多样化. 所有研究的澳大利亚原住民都来自一个单一的人口,在东北地区的Holocene扩张.
科学领域:
- 种群遗传学
- 古代DNA分析
- 人类的进化
背景情况:
- 澳大利亚原住民的人口历史尚不清楚.
- 之前的研究缺乏全面的基因组数据.
研究的目的:
- 用高覆盖率的基因组来描述澳大利亚原住民的人口历史.
- 在澳大利亚和邻近的人口中调查多样化和基因流动的时间.
主要方法:
- 83名澳大利亚原住民和25名巴布亚人的全基因组测序.
- 种群遗传分析,包括基因推断和混合物分析.
- 使用分子时钟估计的分离事件的日期.
主要成果:
- 巴布亚人和澳大利亚原住民的祖先在25-40万年前出现多样化 (kya),这表明萨赫勒人群在全新世纪前的结构.
- 所有研究的澳大利亚原住民都来自于一个10-32 kya的创始人群.
- 澳大利亚东北部的Holocene人口扩张与Pama-Nyungan语言的传播以及有限的基因流向其他地区有关.
- 澳大利亚原住民和巴布亚人通过单一的非洲外迁移与欧亚人分离了51-72年,随后又出现了古老的混合.
- 澳大利亚原住民的选择证据可能与干旱的沙漠环境有关.
结论:
- 古老的基因组数据为澳大利亚原住民的历史和结构提供了深入的见解.
- 这些发现支持一个复杂的人口历史,包括早期的多样化,一个主要的创始事件和区域扩张.
- 遗传数据与语言模式一致,表明语言和人口的共同进化.
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