全球海洋病毒的生态学和潜在的生态化学影响
Simon Roux1, Jennifer R Brum1, Bas E Dutilh2,3,4
1Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Nature
|September 23, 2016
概括
海洋病毒对全球生态化学循环至关重要. 这项研究揭示了大量的病毒基因组,揭示了它们在营养循环和微生物宿主相互作用中的作用.
科学领域:
- 海洋微生物学
- 病毒学
- 生物地质化学
背景情况:
- 海洋微生物驱动全球生态化学循环, 但病毒显著影响这些过程.
- 由于采样和培养的挑战,海洋中的病毒多样性不太清楚,只有不到1%的病毒是已知的.
- 病毒在微生物社区的组成,新陈代谢和进化中发挥着关键作用.
研究的目的:
- 从表面和深海样本收集和分析病毒基因组, 创建大量病毒的全球地图.
- 描述病毒种群,病毒群和病毒编码的辅助代谢基因.
- 研究病毒在操纵生物地化学循环,特别是硫和循环中的作用.
主要方法:
- 从塔拉海洋和马拉斯皮纳探险中收集完整的病毒基因组和大型基因组片段.
- 对"全球海洋病毒群"数据集进行分析,以确定病毒群和病毒群.
- 将病毒群与微生物宿主进行计算链接,并识别病毒编码的辅助代谢基因.
主要成果:
- 鉴定出了15222个状和半状病毒群,包括867个病毒群,是已知的海洋病毒群的三倍.
- 占所有病毒种群的近一半,其中三分之二是新描述的病毒.
- 发现了243个病毒编码的辅助代谢基因,包括参与硫和循环的新基因.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了海洋病毒基因组的全面目录,显著扩大了我们对病毒多样性的了解.
- 丰富的病毒通过编码辅助代谢基因直接影响关键的生态化学循环 (硫和).
- 这些发现需要将病毒作为营养循环和食物网络的海洋生态系统模型中的关键参与者.
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