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相关概念视频

Optimal Foraging00:48

Optimal Foraging

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How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
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Mate Choice01:20

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Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Foraging Path-length Protocol for Drosophila melanogaster Larvae
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平衡选择形成了依赖密度的食行为

Joshua S Greene1, Maximillian Brown1, May Dobosiewicz1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.

Nature
|November 4, 2016
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

来自阿斯卡罗西德激素的社会信息影响了C. elegans的食行为. 像srx-43这样的基因调解了这种依赖密度的策略,影响了种群动态和进化.

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科学领域:

  • 神经伦理学
  • 进化遗传学
  • 化学生态学

背景情况:

  • 最好的食策略受到社会竞争和行为战术的影响.
  • 遗传和神经机制将社会线索整合到食决策中仍然在很大程度上未被探索.

研究的目的:

  • 探究阿斯卡罗西德激素如何影响Caenorhabditis elegans的食行为.
  • 识别参与感知社会信息和调节食决策的基因和神经回路.

主要方法:

  • 使用定量特征位点 (QTL) 地图识别与费洛蒙敏感性相关的遗传位点.
  • 研究了G蛋白合受体基因srx-43在ASI感觉神经元中的作用.
  • 分析了糖分泌和检测的自然变异对食策略和竞争性增长的影响.

主要成果:

  • 发现阿斯卡罗西德激素,特别是icas#9,可以抑制C. elegans的探索性食.
  • 自然分离物表现出对icas#9的不同敏感性,与遗传的替代食策略有关.
  • 编码ASI神经元中的糖体受体的srx-43基因被确定为这种密度依赖的探索抑制的关键调节者.
  • 两种古老的srx-43单元类型提供了竞争优势,这取决于糖体的信号传递和食物的可用性.

结论:

  • 由srx-43介导的化物敏感性的遗传变化会在C. elegans中产生依赖密度的替代性食行为.
  • 在srx-43位置的平衡选择支持这些替代策略,与食游戏理论的预测保持一致.