一个单一的氨基酸变化是否使埃博拉病毒更具毒性?
Trevor Bedford1, Harmit S Malik2
1Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Cell
|November 5, 2016
概括
在2013-2016年疫情初期,埃博拉病毒的一个关键突变增加了对人类细胞的感染力. 这一发现提供了迄今为止最明确的埃博拉病毒证据.
科学领域:
- 病毒学
- 分子生物学
- 流行病学
背景情况:
- 2013-2016年埃博拉病毒流行突显了了解病毒演变和适应的必要性.
- 埃博拉病毒糖蛋白 (EBOV GP) 对于病毒进入宿主细胞至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在2013-2016年疫情期间调查埃博拉病毒糖蛋白早期突变的功能影响.
- 确定这种突变是否具有选择性优势,导致其在病毒群体中占主导地位.
主要方法:
- 埃博拉病毒样本的基因组测序.
- 评估病毒感染性和细胞进入机制的体外研究.
- 具有和没有特定突变的病毒菌株的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 在2013-2016年疫情期间,埃博拉病毒糖蛋白的早期突变迅速占主导地位.
- 研究表明这种突变显著增强了对人类细胞的传染性.
- 这代表了埃博拉病毒对人类宿主的功能适应的一个明显例子.
结论:
- 鉴定到的糖蛋白突变提供了显著的选择性优势,增加了埃博拉病毒在人类中的传染性.
- 这项研究提供了迄今为止最令人信服的证据,
- 了解这种适应性突变对于预测和控制未来的病毒爆发至关重要.
相关概念视频
00:42Cross-reactivity
33.6K
Overview
33.6K
00:36Viral Mutations
40.6K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
40.6K
02:28Leaky Scanning
5.8K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.8K