一种可传染于人类的多抗药性非结核菌的出现和传播
Josephine M Bryant1,2, Dorothy M Grogono2,3, Daniela Rodriguez-Rincon2
1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 16, 2016
概括
大多数由多抗药性细菌Mycobacterium abscessus引起的肺部感染是在人与人之间传播的,而不是从环境中获得的. 这些传染性菌株在囊性纤维化患者中造成更糟糕的结果, 构成了全球紧急的健康挑战.
科学领域:
- 微生物学
- 传染性疾病
- 基因组学
背景情况:
- 非结核菌 (NTM) 肺部感染越来越令人担忧,特别是在囊性纤维化 (CF) 患者中.
- 菌 (M. abscessus) 是一种多药耐药的NTM,会加剧肺损伤,增加CF的发病率和死亡率.
- 在此之前,M. abscessus的感染主要归因于环境暴露.
研究的目的:
- 研究M. abscessus分离物的传播动态和基因组特征.
- 确定不同M. abscessus获取途径和循环克隆的临床影响.
- 评估占主导地位的M.菌株的毒性和全球传播.
主要方法:
- 全基因组测序和对临床M. abscessus分离物进行分析.
- 进行比较基因组分析以识别流通中的主导克隆.
- 在体外基于细胞和体内小鼠的感染模型来评估毒性.
- 传染模式的流行病学分析.
主要成果:
- 大多数M. abscessus感染是通过人与人之间的传播而获得的,而不仅仅是来自环境.
- 主导的循环克隆,可能通过虫和气溶传播,是大多数感染的原因.
- 这些全球传播的克隆与患者的临床结果较差有关.
- 实验模型显示,与其他菌株相比,这些主导克隆的毒性增加.
结论:
- 由于毒性克隆的广泛传播,M. abscessus感染,特别是在CF患者中,是一个紧急的国际挑战.
- 了解传播途径对于控制M.的爆发至关重要.
- 基因组监测对于追踪和管理耐药性NTM的传播至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
1.1K
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
1.1K
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
1.8K
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
1.8K
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
726
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
726
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
600
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
600
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
1.3K
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
1.3K
01:30Development of Antibiotic Resistance
1.8K
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
1.8K