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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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慢性脏疾病

Angela C Webster1, Evi V Nagler2, Rachael L Morton3

  • 1Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Transplant and Renal research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.

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概括

慢性病 (CKD) 是指功能减弱或损伤持续至少三个月. 早期干预和公平获得护理对于改善慢性病患者的治疗结果和生活质量至关重要.

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科学领域:

  • 肝脏病学
  • 公共卫生
  • 流行病学

背景情况:

  • 慢性病 (CKD) 定义为功能下降 (球体过率< 60 mL/ min/ 1. 73 m2),损伤标志物,或两者持续超过三个月.
  • 糖尿病和高血压是慢性病的主要全球驱动因素,影响了各种社会经济和种族群体的发病率,流行率和进展.
  • 许多患有CKD的人仍然无症状或存在非特异性症状,这往往导致通过偶然的查结果延迟诊断.

研究的目的:

  • 提供当前慢性病 (CKD) 的定义,原因,诊断,并发症和治疗的全面概述.
  • 突出与慢性病相关的重大死亡风险,主要是心血管疾病,以及患者所经历的生活质量下降.
  • 强调获得医疗保健的差异以及需要不断发展的医疗服务提供,以鼓励早期CKD干预.

主要方法:

  • 审查目前关于CKD定义和分类的国际准则.
  • 对病因因素,诊断指标 (GFR,蛋白尿,活检) 和常见并发症 (贫血,矿物骨病) 的分析
  • 检查有关慢性病流行,进展,死亡风险和生活质量影响的流行病学数据.

主要成果:

  • 慢性病的特征是功能受损或损伤,糖尿病和高血压是主要原因.
  • 膜过率 (GFR) 和蛋白尿是功能和进展风险的关键指标.
  • 慢性瘤显著增加了早逝的风险,主要是由于心血管疾病,并大大降低了生活质量.

结论:

  • 慢性病的定义依赖于功能或损伤标志物的持续减少,对全球健康有重大影响.
  • 有效的治疗需要解决根本原因,监测疾病的进展,以及管理贫血和矿物骨疾病等并发症.
  • 解决健康不平等问题,促进早期发现和干预对于改善结局和减少慢性病负担至关重要.