土地使用密集化导致草原社区的多元化同质化
Martin M Gossner1,2,3, Thomas M Lewinsohn1,4, Tiemo Kahl5,6
1Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.
Nature
|December 6, 2016
概括
土地使用的强化推动了生物的同质化,减少了物种组成的差异性. 这种同质化,特别是在草原,影响了景观规模的生物多样性保护.
科学领域:
- 生态学
- 保护生物学
- 环境科学
背景情况:
- 土地使用密集化是生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素,导致当地物种多样性减少和生物均化.
- 生物同质化,即贝塔多样性 (地点之间的组成差异) 的减少,是一个重要的保护问题,但研究往往忽视了它在多种食物层和空间尺度上的影响.
研究的目的:
- 研究土地利用强化对不同食物群体 (微生物,植物,动物) 在地面和地下的生物同质化的影响.
- 确定LUI是否对beta多样性产生独立于alpha多样性的影响,并评估其对社区组成的非线性影响.
主要方法:
- 综合草原生物多样性数据集的分析,包括12个热带群的4000多个物种.
- 土地使用强度 (LUI) 的量化,重点是割草强度,以及与β-多样性和α-多样性指标的相关性.
主要成果:
- 在LUI中适度的增加始终导致微生物,植物和关节动物群落的生物同质化,无论是在地面上还是地下.
- 在从广泛到中等草原管理过渡期间观察到贝塔多样性的最大下降,这表明非线性影响.
- 虽然LUI减少了地面的α多样性,但它增加了地下的α多样性. 不同食物群体的β多样性之间的相关性在高LUI下减弱.
结论:
- 土地利用的强化,即使在中等水平,也会导致多种食物水平的显著生物同质化,而不依赖于当地多样性的变化.
- 广泛管理的草原对于保护景观规模的生物多样性和生态系统服务至关重要,因为它们有助于缓解生物同质化.
- 生物同质化可能比以前认为的更严重的土地使用强化保护威胁.
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