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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation01:25

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation

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Cardiac auscultation is a clinical skill used to assess heart function and detect abnormalities. It involves listening to heart sounds at specific anatomical locations through a stethoscope.
Normal Heart Sounds
S1 (First Heart Sound)-
S1 is made by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves (atrioventricular valves), marking the beginning of systole.
S2 (Second Heart Sound)-
S2 is made by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves), marking the end of the systole.
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

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Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
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对老年人左心室扩张功能的当代评估:社区中的动脉样硬化风险研究

Amil M Shah1, Brian Claggett2, Dalane Kitzman2

  • 1From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.M.S., B.C., T.B.-S., S.C., S.D.S.); Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.K.); Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.B.-S., J.S.J.); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); Cardiovascular Division, (S.K.) and Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health (A.R.F.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Divisions of Geriatrics and Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (T.H.M.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD (J.D.W.); and University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill (G.H.). ashah11@partners.org.

Circulation
|December 9, 2016
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

在老年人中,透气功能的新参考范围显示,下部组织多普勒成像

关键词:
这种疾病心声检查流行病学心脏衰竭预后情况

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科学领域:

  • 心脏病学
  • 老年学
  • 心声检查

背景情况:

  • 已发现与年龄相关的左心室扩张功能变化,但对老年人的参考范围有限.
  • 目前对透析功能的指导方针可能不准确地反映人口老龄化.
  • 在老年人中,扩张功能,心力衰竭 (HF) 生物标志物和发生性HF之间的关联需要进一步描述.

研究的目的:

  • 在老年人中建立特定年龄的透气功能的基准范围.
  • 评估这些措施对发生心力衰竭 (HF) 和死亡的预后价值.
  • 确定透析功能的与N终端亲脑尿素 (NT-proBNP) 的关联.

主要方法:

  • 对ARIC研究中的5801名老年人 (年龄在67- 90岁之间) 的分析.
  • 组织多普勒成像 (TDI) e',E/e'和左心房大小的评估.
  • 在没有心血管疾病的子组中使用量子回归来确定性别特异性的第10百分位和第90百分位极限.

主要成果:

  • 基于ARIC的TDI e'的基准值低于目前的指导切割点.
  • 扩张度与NT-proBNP和发生的HF或死亡有关.
  • 基于年龄的限制改善了与基于指导方针的切断点相比,对发生的HF的风险歧视.
  • 复制了哥本哈根城市心脏研究的结果.

结论:

  • 左心室纵向放松速度随着健康的衰老而下降,并且往往是良性的预后.
  • 使用基于年龄的规范值可以更好地预测老年人发生肺炎的风险.
  • 新的参考范围改善了老年人群中HF风险的分层.