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儿童使用自行车头盔. 评价一个社区范围的头盔运动
C G DiGuiseppi1, F P Rivara, T D Koepsell
1Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
JAMA
|October 27, 1989
概括
社区自行车头盔运动显著增加了西雅图儿童的头盔使用. 与对照城市波特兰相比,该活动的影响更大,显示了其在促进安全方面的有效性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 伤害预防 预防伤害
- 儿科安全 儿科安全
背景情况:
- 与骑自行车相关的伤害是儿童的一个重大问题.
- 头盔的使用是防止头部受伤的关键保护措施.
- 正在探索全社区的干预措施,以改善儿童安全行为.
研究的目的:
- 评估全社区自行车头盔运动的有效性.
- 评估活动对儿童头盔使用率的影响.
- 为了比较干预城市 (西雅图) 与对照城市 (波特兰) 的头盔使用变化.
主要方法:
- 这是一项涉及高,中,低收入地区9827名儿童的观察性研究.
- 数据收集发生在活动启动前后的多个时间点.
- 在西雅图 (干预) 和波特兰 (控制) 记录了头盔的使用情况.
主要成果:
- 西雅图的头盔使用率在竞选后从5.5%增加到15.7%.
- 波特兰的头盔使用率在竞选后从1.0%增加到2.9%.
- 调整后的头盔使用在西雅图 (从4.6%增加到14.0%) 比在波特兰 (从1.0%增加到3.6%) 显著增加.
结论:
- 社区范围内的自行车头盔运动可以有效地增加儿童的头盔使用.
- 西雅图运动对儿童使用头盔产生了重大和积极的影响.
- 有针对性的干预措施可以在儿科安全实践中带来可衡量的改善.
相关概念视频
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning
Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing
The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.

