低质量的花蜜的认知介导演变
Vladislav Nachev1,2, Kai Petra Stich2, Clemens Winter3
1Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 7, 2017
概括
蜂鸟和蝙蝠授粉的植物进化了稀释的花蜜, 挑战动物对缩糖的偏好. 这种进化悖论的解释在于花蜜价值的回报正在下降,尤其是在竞争激烈的情况下.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学
- 动物行为
- 植物生态学
背景情况:
- 蜂鸟和蝙蝠等授粉动物更喜欢缩的花蜜溶液.
- 然而,这些动物授粉的植物会产生稀释的花蜜,
- 这种蜂蜜度不匹配背后的进化驱动因素仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究由蜂鸟和蝙蝠授粉的植物中导致稀释的进化机制.
- 解决授粉者偏好缩花蜜和植物花蜜稀释之间的悖论.
- 探索非线性价值观和资源竞争在花蜜进化中的作用.
主要方法:
- 一个虚拟的进化实验模拟蝙蝠在热带雨林环境中与计算机自动化花朵互动.
- 基于模拟的蝙蝠基因组和鲜花特征的花蜜度演变模型.
- 使用非线性值函数来表示物理花蜜刺激和主观感觉之间的关系.
主要成果:
- 模拟蝙蝠在特定条件下更喜欢和选择更稀释的蜜汁.
- 只有在模拟中实现非线性值函数时,才能复制稀释花蜜的演变.
- 当供应/需求比较高时,花蜜稀释更明显,这表明竞争加剧.
结论:
- 稀释花蜜的演变是由感知价值的回报减少而导致的,因为花蜜度增加.
- 非线性价值感知,主观价值的增加小于物理刺激的增加,对于这种进化模式至关重要.
- 增加资源竞争 (更高的供需比率) 加剧了稀释蜜的选择,因为当资源稀缺时,蝙蝠优先考虑数量而不是质量.
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