在北极地区采集多妻性海鸟的单独雄性样本
Bart Kempenaers1, Mihai Valcu1
1Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard Gwinner Str, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany.
Nature
|January 10, 2017
概括
雄性胸 (Calidris melanotos) 在繁殖区域进行广泛的游牧活动,访问许多地点. 这种行为在雄性竞争和强烈的性选择系统中最大限度地提高了交配机会.
科学领域:
- 行为生态学
- 性别选择
- 鸟类的迁徙
背景情况:
- 多妻性物种经常表现出男性的优势,男性在没有资源供应或父母照顾的情况下激烈地争夺女性的机会.
- 强烈的性选择源于当地激烈的竞争,
- 在此类系统中,采样多个繁殖区的作用和雄性竞争的空间尺度尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在繁殖季节调查雄性胸 (Calidris melanotos) 的游牧活动和现场采样行为.
- 确定竞争的空间规模和影响雄性养场的因素.
- 探索这些行为对性选择和当地适应和物种化等种群层次过程的影响.
主要方法:
- 在阿拉斯加北部已知繁殖地点追踪迁徙的雄性胸.
- 量化移动距离,采样繁殖地点的数量以及在每个地点停留的时间.
- 与当地交配机会相关联 (雌性繁殖数量).
主要成果:
- 大多数雄性进行了广泛的游牧活动,穿越了该物种的繁殖范围 (在四周内长达13045公里),并采集了多达23个附加地点的样本.
- 男性的迁移似乎是游牧的,而不是因繁殖失败而发生的,迁移后没有固定的最终目的地.
- 现场占有率与可用的繁殖雌性数量有很强的相关性, 表明离开的决定是由当地交配机会驱动的.
结论:
- 游牧活动使雄性乳房能够在一个季节内在多个地点展现和繁殖后代,从而最大限度地提高生殖成功.
- 性选择可能有利于高表现的雄性能够长时间飞行和激烈的本地竞争, 包括睡眠减少.
- 这种行为促进了整个种群的不受限制的交配,可能会阻碍本地适应和物种化.
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