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相关概念视频

Buffers02:56

Buffers

A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or a strong base are added. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl...
Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:16

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

In 1923, the Brønsted–Lowry definition of acids and bases was proposed by Johannes Brønsted and Thomas Lowry. According to this theory, a Brønsted acid is defined as a species that donates a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted to its conjugate base. A Brønsted base is defined as a species that accepts a proton in a chemical reaction and gets converted into its conjugate acid. These transfers of protons are caused by the displacement of electrons in these reactions, which is...
Stomach pH Regulation01:21

Stomach pH Regulation

The human body carefully regulates the internal pH of different organs to maintain homeostasis. For example, while the blood plasma maintains a neutral pH of 7, the stomach lumen has an acidic pH of 1.5 - 3.5. The low pH of stomach lumen helps kill pathogens in the food and break down complex food molecules.
The acid-secreting gastric mucosal epithelial cells (parietal cells) lining the stomach lumen maintain the low pH in the lumen. Numerous ion transporters and channels on these parietal...
Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH01:10

Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH

For an ideal solution, the pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. For a non-ideal solution, an accurate measurement of the pH must consider the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity rather than concentration. In such a solution, the pH can be more accurately defined as the negative logarithm of a product of the hydrogen ion concentration and its activity coefficient.
In solutions of very low ionic strength—for example, pure water—the activity...
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
Buffers: Overview01:30

Buffers: Overview

Buffers play a crucial role in stabilizing the pH of a solution by mitigating the effects of small amounts of added acid or base. They consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate is an example of a buffer that consists of a weak acid and its salt: CH3COOH (aq) + CH3COONa (aq). An example of a buffer that consists of a weak base and its salt is a solution of ammonia and ammonium chloride: NH3 (aq) + NH4Cl (aq).

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相关实验视频

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Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
07:38

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Published on: March 30, 2015

一个酸性受体

Qiuyan Chen1, John J G Tesmer1

  • 1The Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Cell
|January 28, 2017
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员发现了与胺5-HT2B受体结合的lysergic酸二甲胺 (LSD) 的晶体结构. 这一突破解释了LSD

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学
  • 结构生物学
  • 药理学

背景情况:

  • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) 是一种强烈的迷幻化合物,因其对感知和认知的深远影响而闻名.
  • 了解LSD与其目标的分子相互作用对于阐明其精神活性机制至关重要.
  • 血清素5-HT2B受体是迷幻药物作用中的一个关键目标.

研究的目的:

  • 确定LSD与5-HT2B受体的高分辨率晶体结构.
  • 提供对LSD强效和长期幻觉效应的结合相互作用的分子见解.
  • 将LSD活动的结构基础与相关的迷幻化合物进行比较.

主要方法:

  • 使用X射线结晶学来解析LSD-5-HT2B受体综合体的三维结构.
  • 进行了结构确定和分析,以确定关键的结合相互作用和构造变化.

主要成果:

  • 成功确定了与5-HT2B受体结合的LSD晶体结构,
  • 阐明了LSD与受体之间的特定分子相互作用,突出了导致其结合亲和力的特征.
  • 它的结构显示出不同的结合方式,这可能解释了与类似物相比,LSD的持续时间和高强度.

结论:

  • 这项研究提供了前所未有的分子细节,
  • 这些发现为了解LSD独特的药理特征提供了结构基础,包括它的效力和持续时间.
  • 报告的结构是设计针对5-HT2B受体的新型精神活性化合物或治疗方法的基础.