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患有自闭症谱系障碍高风险的婴儿的早期大脑发育

Heather Cody Hazlett^1,2, Hongbin Gu¹, Brent C Munsell³

¹Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.

|February 17, 2017

概括

在高风险的婴儿中,早期的大脑变化,包括皮质表面的扩张, 这些发现表明自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的早期发现和干预潜力.

科学领域:

神经科学
发展心理学
儿童神经学

背景情况:

在患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童中注意到大脑膨胀,但其早期时间和与行为症状的关系尚不清楚.
研究表明,大脑容量增加可能在早期出现,而自闭症的社会缺陷则在生命的第二年出现.
婴儿研究提供了早期自闭症发展的见解, 突出了未来神经成像的需要.

研究的目的:

调查患有自闭症家族风险较高的婴儿早期的出生后大脑变化.
确定早期大脑体积变化是否与自闭症诊断和行为症状相关.
使用婴儿大脑成像开发自闭症诊断的预测模型.

主要方法:

对106名高风险和42名低风险婴儿进行前性神经成像研究.
磁共振成像 (MRI) 评估大脑体积和皮质表面积在6-12个月和12-24个月.
用于MRI数据进行自闭症预测的深度学习算法.

主要成果:

在被诊断为自闭症的高风险婴儿中,皮层表面积 (6-12个月) 的过度扩张是大脑体积过度增长的先兆.
大脑体积过度增长与自闭症社会缺陷的出现和严重程度相关.
使用6-12个月表面积数据的深度学习算法预测了24个月的自闭症诊断,81%的PPV和88%的灵敏度.

结论:

在自闭症诊断和自闭症行为出现之前,
这些发现突出了早期发现自闭症谱系障碍的关键窗口.
婴儿期神经影像可以预测自闭症并指导早期干预.

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