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相关概念视频

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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相关实验视频

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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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通过功能上相互依赖的活动在一个地点进行编辑和甲基化

Mary Anne T Rubio1, Kirk W Gaston1,2, Katherine M McKenney1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Ohio State Biochemistry Program and The Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

Nature
|February 24, 2017
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

核酸中的化学变化至关重要,但常常不被充分理解. 这项研究揭示了细胞因子甲基化是Trypanosoma brucei tRNA脱胺的先决条件,解释了基因组的稳定性.

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学
  • 生物化学
  • 遗传学

背景情况:

  • 核酸具有100多种已知的化学修饰,影响和糖.
  • 大多数核酸修饰的生物合成途径在很大程度上仍未被阐明.
  • 在体外溶解酶具有挑战性,这表明复杂的修饰途径或相互依赖.

研究的目的:

  • 在真核生物中研究tRNA细胞因子转化为尿素的机制.
  • 阐明修饰相互依赖在酶活性中的作用.
  • 了解Trypanosoma brucei如何保持基因组完整性,尽管它具有突变性去氨基酶.

主要方法:

  • 在Trypanosoma brucei tRNAThr中研究了细胞素32的修饰.
  • 使用纯化的成分,包括TRM140甲基转移酶和ADAT2/3脱氨酶,在体内复制酶活性.
  • 甲基转移酶和脱氨酶的同时表达,以评估酶活性和突变性.

主要成果:

  • 在T. brucei中,细胞因子32被TRM140甲基化为3-甲基细胞因子 (m3C).
  • m3C是通过ADAT2/3对3-甲基尤里丁 (m3U) 的后续除氨的先决条件.
  • 同时表达TRM140和ADAT2/ 3抑制ADAT2/ 3的突变性,保持基因组的稳定性.

结论:

  • 一个修改相互依赖的模型被证明,其中甲基化先于去胺.
  • 这种序列性修饰途径解释了T. brucei缺乏批发性除.
  • 这些发现提供了对突变性脱氨酶,包括人类AID的调节的见解.