"完美的"设计者染色体V和一个环衍生物的行为
Ze-Xiong Xie1,2, Bing-Zhi Li1,2, Leslie A Mitchell3
1Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 11, 2017
概括
科学家们合成了一种536,024个基对的染色体, synV, 并精确地匹配了它的序列. 这种工程染色体表现出高度适应性,并提供了对基因组合成和环染色体进化的见解.
科学领域:
- 合成生物学
- 基因组学
- 分子生物学
背景情况:
- 基因组合成需要精确组装设计的DNA序列.
- 对设计原则的验证对于推进合成基因组学至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 一个新的合成和验证一个大的DNA分子,染色体synV.
- 评估Saccharomyces cerevisiae中的合成染色体的适应性和功能.
- 探索合成染色体在基因组重组和进化研究中的潜力.
主要方法:
- 一个536,024基对染色体 (synV) 的新生合成.
- 通过整合性转换和CRISPR/Cas9媒介编辑,使合成染色体与设计序列相匹配.
- 一个环形synV导数的构造和表征.
主要成果:
- 合成染色体 synV 成功组装并通过 22 个校正步骤精确匹配设计序列.
- 与野生型菌株相比,synV菌株在各种培养条件下表现出很高的适应性.
- 创建了一个功能环synV衍生物,在半球变异过程中显示子活力降低.
结论:
- SynV的成功合成和验证扩展了基因组工程的Sc2.0设计原则.
- 合成和环染色体为研究基因组重组,染色体进化和人类疾病提供了有价值的模型.
- 这项工作证明了制造具有高可靠性和功能性的复杂合成染色体的可行性.
相关概念视频
01:17Karyotyping
69.4K
Overview
69.4K
02:04Polytene Chromosomes
11.2K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
11.2K
02:04Polytene Chromosomes
3.6K
3.6K
02:32Position-effect Variegation
7.2K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
7.2K
01:51Lampbrush Chromosomes
8.8K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
8.8K
01:51Lampbrush Chromosomes
3.0K
3.0K