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人类光敏感脑器官中的细胞多样性和网络动态

Giorgia Quadrato^1,2, Tuan Nguyen^1,2, Evan Z Macosko^2,3

¹Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

|April 27, 2017

概括

人类大脑有机体产生多种细胞类型,重现大脑发育和功能方面. 这些体外模型显示出研究神经疾病和探测神经回路的潜力.

科学领域:

神经科学
发育生物学
干细胞研究

背景情况:

三维大脑器官是研究人类大脑发育和疾病的有价值的体外模型.
细胞组成,区域复杂性和有机体中的电路功能等关键方面需要进一步定义.

研究的目的:

分析人类大脑器官的细胞多样性和功能成熟.
评估大脑器官在模拟人类大脑发育和疾病方面的潜力.

主要方法:

从31个人类大脑器官中分析了超过8万个单细胞基因表达.
长期培养有机体 (超过9个月),以评估成熟度.
评估神经网络活动和光控制刺激.

主要成果:

有机体产生了广泛的细胞类型,包括与大脑皮层和视网膜相关的细胞类型.
观察到像树突状脊柱和自发活跃的神经网络这样的成熟特征.
通过光刺激可以控制神经元活动, 这表明功能电路探测的潜力.

结论:

人类大脑有机体具有显著的细胞多样性和发育潜力.
这些器官可以成熟形成功能神经网络,为疾病建模提供平台.
在有机体中神经活动的光遗传控制为研究人类神经电路功能开辟了道路.

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