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相关概念视频

Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

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Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
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Machines01:19

Machines

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Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. One example of a machine is the cutting plier, which is used to cut wires by applying forces to its handles. When equal and opposite forces are exerted on the handles of the cutting plier, they cause the cutting edges to come together and apply equal and opposite reaction forces on the wire, which are greater than the applied forces.
A free-body diagram of the...
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The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Chemistry of the Cell02:58

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The cell is chemically composed of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.
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The polarity of the water molecule and its resulting hydrogen bonding makes water a unique substance with special properties that are intimately tied to the processes of life. Life originally evolved in an aqueous environment, and most of an organism’s cellular chemistry and metabolism occur inside the aqueous contents of the cell’s cytoplasm. Special properties of water are its high heat capacity...
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ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

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Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
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化学推进的分子和机器

Krishna Kanti Dey1, Ayusman Sen2

  • 1Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar , Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

合成活性物质模仿生物系统,将化学能量转化为纳米机械和传感的运动. 自主微型和纳米级电机的进步使新的应用成为可能.

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科学领域:

  • 生物模拟失衡系统
  • 合成活性物质
  • 纳米科学与工程

背景情况:

  • 合成的活性物质将化学能量转化为机械运动,
  • 这些系统在纳米机械,纳米尺度组装,流体学和化学/生化传感方面的潜在应用具有显著的兴趣.
  • 最近的突破已经克服了产生微型和纳米级运动的挑战,导致了自主电机和.

研究的目的:

  • 这一观点回顾了催化动力系统的进步.
  • 它概述了电机/设计,推进机制,定向控制和集体行为之间的电机间通信方面的进展.
  • 审查讨论了未来的研究方向和实际应用的设计原则.

主要方法:

  • 专注于催化驱动的合成活性物质.
  • 审查有关电机/设计和推进机制的现有文献.
  • 通过运动间的沟通来研究方向控制和集体行为.

主要成果:

  • 在设计微型和纳米级自主电机和方面取得了重大进展.
  • 已经开发出各种推进机制和方向控制策略.
  • 新兴研究表明,运动间的交流会导致集体行为.

结论:

  • 催化驱动的活性物质是一个快速发展的领域,具有显著的微观和纳米级运动性.
  • 未来的方向包括解决基本问题和建立实际应用的设计原则.
  • 这些系统的发展对各种技术应用具有前景.