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相关概念视频

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

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Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
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Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation02:35

Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Hydrohalogenation

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Electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides, HX (X = Cl, Br or I) to alkenes forms alkyl halides as per Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen gets added to the less substituted carbon of the double bond. Hydrohalogenation of alkynes takes place in a similar manner, with the first addition of HX forming a vinyl halide and the second giving a geminal dihalide.
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Versatile Technique to Produce a Hierarchical Design in Nanoporous Gold
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三级黄金化物:稳定和潜在超导化合物的途径

Martin Rahm1, Roald Hoffmann1, N W Ashcroft1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 20, 2017
PubMed
概括

研究人员通过添加金属来发现稳定的黄金化物,从而产生半导体和金属材料. 一些化合物在压力下表现出超导性,在土替代材料中具有环境超导性的潜力.

科学领域:

  • 材料科学
  • 固态化学
  • 超导性研究

背景情况:

  • 之前发现二元黄金化物 (AuHn) 在低于300GPa的压力下理论上不稳定.
  • 寻找稳定的含金化合物需要探索新的化学成分和结构.

研究的目的:

  • 研究新型黄金化合物的理论稳定性和特性.
  • 探索这些新材料的超导潜力,特别是在环境条件下.

主要方法:

  • 使用计算材料科学方法预测各种金结构的稳定性和电子性质.
  • 用密度函数理论 (DFT) 的计算来分析粘合,电子带结构和声子特性.
  • 对和土金属进行了系统的替代,以调整材料的性能.

主要成果:

  • 预测稳定的金二化物 (AAuH2),,和化合物显示热力学稳定性.
  • 这些稳定的化合物含有AuH2分子单位,并且在1 atm处是半导体.
  • 在压缩下,一些性黄金二化物形成金属,超导 AuHAu 板.
  • 土替代化合物,AE(AuH2) 2,与和在1 atm时是边缘金属的.
  • 这些土化合物表现出高超导过渡温度,这是由于有利的电子 - 声子合.

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结论:

  • 引入金属作为减少剂使黄金化物稳定,克服了以前的理论限制.
  • 已经确定了具有超导性的新型半导体和金属金材料.
  • 土替代提供了一个有前途的途径,以实现基于黄金的材料的环境或近环境超导性.