来自不同王国的RNase III核酶作为抗病毒效应剂
Lauren C Aguado1, Sonja Schmid1, Jared May2
1Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Nature
|June 29, 2017
概括
包括Drosha在内的RNase III核酶在所有生命领域都表现出针对RNA的抗病毒活性. 这些酶起到抗病毒的作用,阻碍病毒RNA聚合酶和已知的真核生物防御系统.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学
- 病毒学
- 免疫学
背景情况:
- 单核RNA病毒需要针对RNA的抗病毒系统的进化.
- 现有的真核防御包括RNA干扰和干扰子系统.
- 抗病毒机制的进化起源仍然是一个活跃的研究领域.
研究的目的:
- 研究Drosha和相关的RNase III核酸酶的抗病毒潜力.
- 阐明RNase III酶向病毒RNA的机制.
- 确定RNase III介导抗病毒防御的进化意义和流行程度.
主要方法:
- 通过指数式丰富 (SELEX) 来识别RNA标的系统进化.
- 生物化学试验分析Drosha与病毒RNA和聚合酶的相互作用.
- 显微镜和生物化学分析以追踪各种真核生物中的RNase III的细胞质转移.
主要成果:
- 德罗莎和相关的RNase III酶可以识别未分支的RNA干循环.
- 德罗莎作为一种抗病毒具,在固体上阻碍病毒RNA-依赖的RNA聚合酶.
- 作为对各种真核生物 (植物,关节动物,鱼类,哺乳动物) 病毒感染的反应,RNase III核酶转移到细胞质.
结论:
- RNase III酶代表了一个保存的,针对RNA的抗病毒防御机制.
- 这种防御系统独立于其他已知的真核生物抗病毒策略,并且可能早于此.
- 这些发现凸显了RNase III核糖酶在整个生命中的先天免疫力中的基本作用.
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