个性化RNA突变体疫苗可以动员针对癌症的多特异性治疗免疫力
Ugur Sahin1,2,3, Evelyna Derhovanessian1, Matthias Miller1
1Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Nature
|July 6, 2017
概括
针对癌症突变的个性化RNA疫苗成功激活了黑色素瘤患者的T细胞. 这种个性化免疫治疗方法显著减少了转移性事件,并改善了无进展的存活率,证明了癌症治疗的新途径.
科学领域:
- 癌症学
- 免疫学
- 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 癌症突变的自发免疫识别通常是低效的.
- 个性化突变疫苗旨在通过向一系列癌症突变来克服这一问题.
- 基于RNA的多新型疫苗代表了个性化癌症免疫治疗的新战略.
研究的目的:
- 在黑色素瘤患者中首次应用基于RNA的个性化多新型疫苗.
- 评估这种个性化新表位疫苗方法的安全性和有效性.
- 评估接种疫苗的患者T细胞反应的诱导和临床结果.
主要方法:
- 对个体瘤突变的全面鉴定.
- 从已识别的突变中预测新表位的计算.
- 设计和制造具有多个新表位的患者独特的RNA疫苗.
- 评估T细胞反应,瘤透和疫苗接种后的临床结果.
主要成果:
- 所有患者都对多种疫苗新表位细胞产生了T细胞反应.
- 观察到疫苗诱导的T细胞透和新表位特异性杀死自身瘤细胞.
- 实现了转移性事件的显著减少和持续的无进展生存.
- 在两名患者中观察到客观反应,其中一个患者与PD- 1阻塞结合后获得完全反应.
- 发现了一种涉及β2微球蛋白缺乏的黑色素瘤细胞的耐药性机制.
结论:
- 基于RNA的个性化新表位疫苗可以有效地调动T细胞免疫力来抵抗癌症突变.
- 这种个性化免疫治疗方法在减少转移和改善黑色素瘤的临床结果方面具有前景.
- 通过个性化疫苗利用个体瘤突变为癌症患者开辟了新的治疗途径.
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