在体内CRISPR查确定Ptpn2为癌症免疫治疗标
Robert T Manguso1,2,3, Hans W Pope1,3, Margaret D Zimmer1,3
1Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature
|July 21, 2017
概括
研究人员在小鼠中使用CRISPR-Cas9查,以找到改善癌症免疫治疗的新方法. 在瘤中删除PTPN2基因增强了免疫反应,为癌症治疗提供了潜在的新点.
科学领域:
- 癌症学
- 免疫学
- 遗传学
背景情况:
- 在许多癌症患者中,使用PD-1检查点阻塞的免疫治疗效果有限.
- 新的治疗点对于增强抗癌免疫反应至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过选体内基因来确定新的免疫治疗点.
- 在癌症中发现对PD-1检查点阻断反应的基因修饰剂.
主要方法:
- 在可移植的小鼠瘤中使用了集成的体内CRISPR- Cas9基因查.
- 在黑色素瘤细胞中测试了2,368个基因,以确定它们与免疫疗法产生协同作用或引起耐药性的作用.
- 用免疫疗法治疗瘤细胞 (PD-1检查点阻塞).
主要成果:
- 查发现已知的免疫逃避分子 (PD-L1,CD47) 和确定的干扰素马信号缺陷导致耐药性.
- 通过删除包括NF-κB信号传递,抗原呈现和未折叠蛋白质反应在内的通路中的基因来实现瘤对免疫治疗的敏感化.
- 在瘤细胞中删除蛋白质氨酸酸酶PTPN2通过增加干扰素介导抗原呈现和增长抑制显著增强了免疫疗法的有效性.
结论:
- 在体内基因查对于发现新型免疫治疗点是有效的.
- 删除PTPN2代表了瘤对PD-1检查点阻塞疗法的潜在策略.
- 针对NF-κB,抗原呈现和未折叠的蛋白质反应等途径可以克服免疫疗法耐药性.
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