Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

4.7K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
4.7K
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles01:13

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles

3.1K
Nitriles can be reduced to primary amines using reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride or catalytic hydrogenation. The reduction introduces an amino group with an extra carbon in the skeleton. Nitriles are formed from the reaction between alkyl halides and sodium cyanide through the SN2 mechanism. Primary alkyl halides are the preferred substrates to prepare nitriles.
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
3.1K
Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

4.8K
Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
4.8K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

9.0K
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
9.0K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

5.0K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
5.0K
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

2.7K
One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
2.7K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Single-Ion Anisotropy-Stabilized Short-Period Helimagnetism in Frustrated Chiral Co<sub>5</sub>TeO<sub>8</sub>.

Research (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Synthesis and Properties of Stable Oxo-Bridged Dinuclear Pr<sup>IV</sup> Complexes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Dinitrogen Cleavage and Hydrogenation by a Uranium Hydride Complex Enabled through Metal-Ligand Cooperativity.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Interplay of Redox Non-Innocence and Symmetry Breaking in a 4d Coordination Framework.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Design of boron-decorated bimetallic iron complexes related to the active site of [FeFe]-hydrogenases and reactivity with hydride donors.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Accessing homoleptic neutral and anionic five-coordinate Pr(iv) siloxide complexes.

Chemical science·2025

相关实验视频

Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

4.3K

通过多金属化物复合物减少和功能化

Marta Falcone1, Lucile Chatelain1, Rosario Scopelliti1

  • 1Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nature
|July 21, 2017
PubMed
概括

研究人员开发了一种可以在环境条件下切割和功能化惰性分子 (N2) 的新复合物. 这一突破为从N2中合成有价值的化合物,如氨和有机产品提供了新的途径,可能在比目前的工业工艺更温和的条件下.

更多相关视频

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

12.8K
Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles
07:47

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles

Published on: November 27, 2015

11.4K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Feb 26, 2026

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
08:40

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production

Published on: December 6, 2021

4.3K
The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

12.8K
Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles
07:47

Reverse Microemulsion-mediated Synthesis of Monometallic and Bimetallic Early Transition Metal Carbide and Nitride Nanoparticles

Published on: November 27, 2015

11.4K

科学领域:

  • 无机化学
  • 有机金属化学
  • 催化剂

背景情况:

  • 分子 (N2) 丰富但不反应,在温和条件下使其转化为有价值的化学物质具有挑战性.
  • 像Haber-Bosch这样的现有工业过程在恶劣的条件下运行,N2功能化的分子催化剂往往缺乏明确的结构或进一步的反应性.
  • 化合物作为有效的N2固定催化剂具有历史先例,但用于N2转换的分子复合物仍然在很大程度上未被探索.

研究的目的:

  • 在环境条件下合成和描述一种新的分子复合物,能够结合和减少N2.
  • 研究复合体内N2联体的功能化,导致N-H或N-C键的形成.
  • 建立一个新的分子平台轻度N2激活和转化.

主要方法:

  • 通过化物连接物桥接的双核 (III) 复合物的合成和完整表征.
  • 用H2,质子和一氧化碳等试剂进行特征复合物的静态度反应.
  • 进行光谱和结构分析以确认N2裂变和随后的功能化.

主要成果:

  • 一个明确的双核 (III) 复合体,其中有一个中心化物组,被合成和描述.
  • 这种复合物在环境条件下实现了N2的四个电子的减少.
  • 随后与H2/质子或CO发生反应,导致N2完全裂变和功能化,形成氨或酸盐.

结论:

  • 在温和的条件下,分子复合物可以有效地调节N2转化为NH3和酸盐等有价值的产品.
  • 这项研究强调了灵活,富含电子,多金属,化物桥接核心单元作为设计新N2裂变和功能化分子催化剂的基础.
  • 这项工作开辟了可持续化学合成的新途径,使无活性N2在可访问的条件下被激活.