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相关概念视频

Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
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快照:细胞衰老路径

Ricardo Iván Martínez-Zamudio1, Lucas Robinson1, Pierre-Francois Roux1

  • 1INSERM, U993, 75015 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, 94803 Villejuif, France; Institut Pasteur, Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Pathologies Group, Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, 75015 Paris, France.

Cell
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

细胞衰老是细胞命运的关键, 在健康和疾病中起着重要作用. 这篇评论探讨了建立衰老表型的信号通路和转录控制.

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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • 老龄化研究

背景情况:

  • 细胞衰老是一个基本的细胞命运.
  • 它在生理过程和病理生理学中起着关键作用.
  • 了解衰老是了解衰老和与衰老相关的疾病的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 审查与衰老有关的主要信号通路.
  • 检查巩固衰老表型的转录控制机制.
  • 提供对老化整合的专注概述.

主要方法:

  • 对信号通路的文献审查.
  • 在衰老中对转录调节的分析.
  • 目前关于老化表型巩固的知识综合.

主要成果:

  • 确定驱动衰老的关键信号级联.
  • 保持衰老的转录网络的解脱.
  • 衰老表型的巩固是一个多层次的过程.

结论:

  • 细胞衰老是一个复杂的,受控的细胞命运.
  • 信号通道和转录控制对于它的建立至关重要.
  • 对这些机制的进一步研究可以为治疗衰老和疾病的策略提供信息.