基梯度调节一个动态的抗菌防御区域
Miriam R Berry1, Rebeccah J Mathews1, John R Ferdinand1
1Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Cell
|August 15, 2017
概括
一个
科学领域:
- 肝脏病学
- 免疫学
- 微生物学
背景情况:
- 下尿道感染很常见,但脏感染很少见.
- 机械力量如尿液流被认为可以预防细菌性脏感染.
- 的独特环境及其在免疫防御中的作用尚未完全被理解.
研究的目的:
- 研究内在的预防感染的机制.
- 探索过盐在免疫细胞招募和功能中的作用.
- 了解为什么有些患者容易患脏感染.
主要方法:
- 研究了过盐对上皮细胞和免疫细胞的影响.
- 研究了中单核细胞 (MNP) 的局部和功能.
- 分析了尿路度缺陷与脏感染易感性之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 过性将单核细胞 (MNP) 导向髓.
- 这种超的环境增强了MNP杀死细菌和吸引中性粒细胞的能力.
- 尿路度受损的患者更容易患上脏感染.
结论:
- 的平稳功能,特别是它的盐度梯度,对于有效的组织防御细菌感染至关重要.
- 单核细胞 (MNP) 在的防御系统中起着关键作用,由盐环境指导.
- 尿路度缺陷会影响脏的免疫监测,增加感染风险.
相关概念视频
Formation of Concentrated Urine
3.8K
There is a gradient of solutes in the interstitial fluid from the renal cortex through the medulla, known as the medullary osmotic gradient. The juxtamedullary nephrons establish and maintain this gradient using countercurrent mechanisms with loops extending deep into the medulla. These nephrons also use countercurrent mechanisms to regulate urine volume and concentration. The interaction between the descending and ascending limbs of the nephron loop creates an osmotic gradient through...
3.8K
Regulation of Sodium and Potassium
2.5K
The regulation of sodium and potassium ion concentrations in the human body is a complex process governed primarily by hormones such as aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
Sodium Regulation
Sodium ions make up approximately 90% of extracellular cations, with a normal blood plasma concentration of 136–148 mEq/L. A decrease in blood volume and pressure triggers the release of renin from granular cells in the juxtaglomerular complex (JGC), primarily...
2.5K
Hormonal Regulation
36.4K
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
36.4K
Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
1.6K
The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...
1.6K
Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance
2.0K
Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
2.0K
Transduction
2.0K
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
2.0K


