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相关概念视频

The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
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The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

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The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
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相关实验视频

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Membrane Transport Processes Analyzed by a Highly Parallel Nanopore Chip System at Single Protein Resolution
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分子机开放细胞膜

Víctor García-López1,2, Fang Chen3, Lizanne G Nilewski1,2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.

Nature
|September 1, 2017
PubMed
概括

分子机器通过纳米机械作用穿透细胞膜,使可控物质输送和细胞死亡成为可能. 这种物理方法为超越当前化学策略的生物医学应用提供了新的可能性.

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科学领域:

  • 生物物理
  • 纳米技术
  • 细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 用电场,温度和超声波等物理技术来操纵细胞膜以产生化合物或诱导细胞死亡.
  • 分子电机和开关为生物医学应用中的机械作用提供受控的形状变化.

研究的目的:

  • 为了证明分子机器可以通过纳米机械作用在细胞双层中制造洞.
  • 探索分子机器用于受控物质扩散,细胞死亡诱导和向传递.

主要方法:

  • 在脂质双层上吸收设计的分子电机并用紫外线激活它们.
  • 使用纳米机械作用诱导合成囊泡中的化学物种扩散.
  • 在活细胞中引入可追溯的分子机器,

主要成果:

  • 在紫外线激活时, 分子机器成功地在细胞膜中钻孔.
  • 证明化学物种在细胞内和细胞外的受控扩散.
  • 使用改分子机器对细胞表面的选择性准.
  • 通过纳米机械作用诱导活细胞的死亡.

结论:

  • 分子机器可以使用纳米机械作用有效地突破细胞双层.
  • 这种物理方法为细胞内和细胞间物质交换提供了一种新方法.
  • 未来的开发可能会使用先进的激活方法进行体内应用.