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声镜作为蝙蝠的感觉陷

Stefan Greif^1,2, Sándor Zsebők³, Daniela Schmieder³

¹Sensory Ecology Group, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany. stefan.greif@gmail.com.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 9, 2017

概括

由于回声定位的误解, 蝙蝠会把光滑的垂直表面误认为开放的空间. 这些感觉陷导致致命的碰撞, 突出需要监控这些危险的位置.

科学领域:

生态学
动物的行为
生物声学

背景情况:

包括蝙蝠在内的动物很容易受到感官陷的影响,
蝙蝠主要使用回声定位来导航,寻找食物,并在环境中定位.

研究的目的:

调查蝙蝠为什么会碰撞平滑的垂直表面.
要确定表面的回声定位特性是否有助于蝙蝠碰撞.
在自然环境中评估声镜特性所带来的风险.

主要方法:

在野外观察蝙蝠的行为和与光滑的垂直表面的碰撞.
分析了这些表面附近的蝙蝠回声定位呼叫.
与回声定位呼叫频率和在表面附近的时间相关的碰撞概率.

主要成果:

蝙蝠经常碰撞平滑的垂直表面, 误认为它们是清晰的飞行路径.
这些表面的声学镜像特性似乎导致了误解.
碰撞的可能性随着回声定位呼叫的数量和接近表面而增加.

结论:

由于回声定位,蝙蝠认为光滑的垂直表面是开放的飞道.
这些表面作为危险的感官陷,导致动物死亡.
对于了解蝙蝠死亡率至关重要.

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