完全集成的探头用于高密度记录神经活动
James J Jun1, Nicholas A Steinmetz2,3,4, Joshua H Siegle5
1HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.
Nature
|November 10, 2017
概括
研究人员开发了神经像素,一种用于神经记录的新型探头. 这项技术使得自由移动的动物在多个大脑区域同时记录数百个神经元,从而推进神经科学研究.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 生物工程是生物工程.
- 电子生理学 电子生理学
背景情况:
- 复杂的大脑功能需要在广泛的神经群体中协调活动.
- 当前的神经记录技术在时空分辨率,覆盖范围或与自由移动主体的兼容性方面存在局限性.
- 现有的方法,如细胞外探测器和光学成像,不能同时提供高分辨率和大规模覆盖.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种新的神经探针技术,克服现有方法的局限性.
- 为了实现高时空分辨率的神经记录,在不受约束的动物的大脑体积中进行大脑记录.
- 为了实现来自多个大脑区域的数百个神经元的同时记录.
主要方法:
- 设计和制造Neuropixels的探头,具有384个记录通道和960个TiN位点.
- 整合互补金属氧化物半导体 (CMOS) 兼容的芯片内处理,用于数字数据传输.
- 在小鼠和老鼠中植入探针以记录行为期间的神经活动.
主要成果:
- 神经像素探测器成功地记录了每个探测器上数百个神经元的高度活动.
- 在一个清醒的小鼠中,使用两个探头同时记录来自五个大脑结构的700多个单个神经元.
- 证明了从自由移动的动物中多个大脑结构中的大型神经元群体记录的能力.
结论:
- 神经像素探测器在神经记录方面取得了突破,将高时空分辨率与大规模覆盖率相结合.
- 这项技术有助于研究行为动物的大脑区域中神经群体动态.
- 神经像素在复杂的行为过程中为整个大脑的神经活动记录开辟了新的途径.
相关概念视频
Electrical Synapses
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
Neurons: The Axon
Axons are long, cytoplasmic processes of nerve cells capable of propagating electrical impulses known as action potentials. The cytoplasm or axoplasm of an axon contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes, all encased within the axolemma, the plasma membrane of the axon.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment.
The axon attaches to the cell body at a cone-shaped elevation called the axon hillock. The initial part of the axon, closest to the hillock, is known as the initial segment.
Neural Circuits
Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain.
CSF Production
CSF is produced mainly in the choroid plexus, a network of capillaries and ependymal cells located within the ventricular system of the brain.
Neurons as Communicators of the Brain
Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...


