NRF1是一种ER膜传感器,对胆固醇平衡至关重要
Scott B Widenmaier1, Nicole A Snyder1, Truc B Nguyen1
1Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cell
|November 18, 2017
概括
核红细胞因子2相关因子-1 (Nrf1) 感知并控制内细胞网中的多余胆固醇. Nrf1 缺乏导致肝损伤,突出显示其在胆固醇平衡中的关键作用.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学
- 代谢调节
- 分子机制
背景情况:
- 胆固醇平衡至关重要,但对内质网膜 (ER) 对胆固醇过多的防御尚不清楚.
- 现有的知识主要集中在ER对胆固醇缺乏的反应上,这在了解胆固醇过多的管理方面存在差距.
研究的目的:
- 确定关键调解者参与感知和响应ER中的过量胆固醇.
- 阐明ER维持胆固醇平衡的分子机制.
主要方法:
- 确定与ER结合的转录因子.
- 对 Nrf1 的特定域进行胆固醇结合测试.
- 通过胆固醇对Nrf1调节的分析 (转化,加工,局部化,活性).
- 使用Nrf1缺陷模型的体内研究受到胆固醇的挑战.
- 下游信号通道的评估 (CD36,LXR).
主要成果:
- 核红素因子2相关因子-1 (Nrf1/ Nfe2L1),是一种与ER结合的转录因子,被确定为ER胆固醇的关键传感器.
- 胆固醇直接与Nrf1的特定域结合,调节其稳定性,处理,定位和活性.
- Nrf1 缺乏导致严重的肝脏胆固醇积累和胆固醇损伤,由 Nrf1 替代改善.
- Nrf1通过抑制CD36驱动的炎症和消除肝X受体 (LXR) 活性来调节胆固醇稳定.
结论:
- Nrf1 作为一个关键的胆固醇平衡守护者在内质网内.
- Nrf1是细胞胆固醇过载的适应反应的关键组成部分.
- 通过Nrf1介导的途径为管理与胆固醇相关的肝病提供了潜在的治疗点.
相关概念视频
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors
2.7K
Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
2.7K
Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation
1.5K
Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
Considering cholesterol and...
1.5K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
3.1K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
3.1K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
3.4K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
3.4K
Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER
4.3K
Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
4.3K
The Unfolded Protein Response
6.5K
The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
6.5K


