自然杀手细胞通过感知生长因子来控制瘤的生长
Alexander D Barrow1, Melissa A Edeling1, Vladimir Trifonov2
1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Cell
|December 26, 2017
概括
血小板衍生生长因子 (PDGF-DD) 促进瘤生长,但NKp44对自然杀手细胞的识别会触发抗瘤免疫反应. 这种相互作用导致细胞因子的释放和瘤细胞生长的停止,提供了潜在的治疗点.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 癌症学
- 分子生物学
背景情况:
- 瘤经常产生血小板衍生生长因子 (PDGF) -DD,通过PDGFRβ信号驱动癌症的进展.
- 这种信号通路促进细胞增殖,上皮-介质细胞过渡,细胞层反应和血管生成.
研究的目的:
- 研究PDGF-DD与免疫细胞之间的相互作用.
- 确定这种相互作用对抗瘤免疫力的功能影响.
主要方法:
- 一个秘密库的选,以确定PDGF-DD的绑定合作伙伴.
- 在PDGF-DD激活时NK细胞激活和细胞因子的分析.
- 基因表达特征与NKp44 (NCR2) 表达和患者存活率的相关性.
- 使用小鼠模型评估瘤控制的体内研究.
主要成果:
- 在NK细胞表达的免疫受体NKp44被确定为PDGF-DD的受体.
- 通过PDGF-DD激活NKp44,NK细胞分泌干扰素玛 (IFN-γ) 和瘤死因α (TNF-α).
- 这些产生的细胞因子导致瘤细胞的生长停止.
- 在质母细胞瘤患者中,较高的NCR2表达与特定的转录特征相关,并改善了生存率.
- 在小鼠中,NKp44表达NK细胞对PDGF-DD表达瘤进行了增强的控制,通过CD96阻断或CpG- oligonucleotide治疗进一步改善.
结论:
- 在促进瘤生长的同时,来自瘤的PDGF-DD也通过NKp44激活了先天免疫反应.
- 在NK细胞中NKp44介导的信号触发了抗瘤细胞因子的释放和生长停止.
- 通过利用与生俱来的免疫力来对抗PDGF-DD表达的瘤,这种途径代表了潜在的治疗策略.
相关概念视频
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors
4.0K
Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
4.0K
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: pH
1.4K
Microorganisms are classified as acidophiles, neutrophiles, or alkaliphiles based on their pH growth preferences, reflecting their adaptations to specific environments. Maintaining a stable intracellular pH is critical for macromolecular stability and enzymatic activity, which can be challenged by external pH variations.Neutrophiles, such as Escherichia coli, grow optimally between pH 5.5 and 8.0. These microorganisms inhabit neutral or slightly acidic environments and employ mechanisms like...
1.4K
Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth
1.8K
Microbial growth control refers to various methods employed to inhibit, reduce, or eliminate microorganisms to ensure safety and hygiene across different settings. These methods are categorized based on the target environment and the level of microbial control required.Biocides are versatile agents designed to control microorganisms by either inhibiting their growth or outright killing them. These agents work through various physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological mechanisms. The...
1.8K
Population Growth
28.8K
Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
28.8K
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature
1.4K
Microorganisms display remarkable adaptations, enabling them to thrive in diverse ecological niches across a wide range of temperatures. Temperature profoundly influences microbial growth by affecting enzymatic activity, membrane fluidity, and other cellular processes.Each microorganism operates within a specific temperature range defined by three cardinal points: minimum, optimum, and maximum. Below the minimum temperature, membranes lose fluidity, halting transport processes. Above the...
1.4K
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Osmolarity
994
Osmolarity is the measure of solute concentration in a solution. It plays a critical role in determining water availability for organisms. Water moves across semipermeable membranes through osmosis, flowing from regions of lower solute concentration (more dilute) to regions of higher solute concentration (more concentrated).In high-solute environments, microbial cells lose water, leading to dehydration and inhibited growth. The extent to which water is available to microbes in such environments...
994


