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全球城市旅行时间地图,以评估2015年城市交通便利性方面的差异
D J Weiss1, A Nelson2, H S Gibson1
1Malaria Atlas Project, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK.
Nature
|January 11, 2018
概括
全球城市的可及性分布不均,对低收入人口的影响不成比例. 这项研究绘制了前往城市中心的旅行时间,揭示了与财富相关的重大差异,并影响了社会经济结果.
科学领域:
- 地理空间分析
- 城市规划
- 发展研究
背景情况:
- 城市中心集中了对人类福祉至关重要的资源,
- 城市机会的限制阻碍了生计和发展,与联合国的可持续发展目标相矛盾.
- 以前的全球可访问性地图已经过时,并没有反映最近的基础设施增长,特别是在资源较低的地区.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证2015年的高分辨率全球地图,量化到城市的旅行时间.
- 提供最新的可访问性指标,为发展政策和"不让任何人落后"议程提供信息.
- 根据社会经济因素分析城市可访问性的差异.
主要方法:
- 整合了10个全球范围的表面,详细介绍了13840个城市中心.
- 开发和验证可访问性绘图的地理空间建模框架.
- 使用Open Street Map和谷歌数据进行精确的交通网络捕获.
主要成果:
- 2015年全球地图,以大约1x1公里的分辨率量化到城市的旅行时间.
- 显著的可访问性差异:低收入地区 (撒哈拉以南非洲) 的50.9%的人在一个小时内到达城市,而高收入地区的90.7%.
- 城市访问与社会经济数据进行了三角化, 显示了经济,教育和健康状况的分层.
结论:
- 城市中心的可及性是全球社会经济差异的关键决定因素.
- 开发的地图为识别和解决可访问性不平等问题提供了至关重要的工具.
- 基于这些数据的政策干预可以促进公平发展和可持续发展目标.
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