类似逆转录病毒的口腔蛋白 Arc1 通过突触键结合RNA和流量
James Ashley1, Benjamin Cordy1, Diandra Lucia1
1Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
Cell
|January 13, 2018
概括
弧形蛋白形成类似病毒的体,通过细胞外囊泡,通过神经元和肌肉之间运输自身的mRNA,这对于突触可塑性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学
- 分子生物学
- 遗传学
背景情况:
- 该Arc/Arg3.1蛋白对于突触可塑性和认知是必不可少的.
- 这种突变与自闭症和精神分裂症有关.
- 它具有与逆转录病毒Gag蛋白相似的域,表明它在囊形成和RNA包装中的作用,尽管其在可塑性中的功能尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究Arc蛋白的Gag-like域的功能.
- 探索神经元中Arc介导的mRNA传输的机制.
- 确定细胞外囊泡在突触可塑性的作用.
主要方法:
- 研究了Drosophila Arc1蛋白及其与darc1mRNA的相互作用.
- 研究了状结构的形成及其加载到细胞外囊中.
- 研究这些囊泡从运动神经元转移到肌肉.
- 评估了干扰囊泡转移对突触可塑性的影响.
主要成果:
- 在神经元中结合darc1 mRNA的Drosophila Arc1蛋白形成状结构.
- 这些结构被载入细胞外囊中,并从运动神经元转移到肌肉中.
- 转移取决于darc1mRNA的3'未翻译区域中的类似逆转移子序列.
- 这种转移的破坏会损害突触可塑性.
- 培养后的细胞释放出含有逆转移素Gag蛋白及其mRNA的细胞外囊.
结论:
- 通过类似逆转录病毒的囊和细胞外囊泡介导的新型跨突触mRNA传输机制.
- 证明 Arc 介导的 mRNA 传输对突触可塑性至关重要.
- 突出了这种机制的保存性,包括Arc和逆转移子组件.
相关概念视频
Retroviruses
15.0K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
15.0K
Retrovirus Life Cycles
49.8K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
49.8K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins
11.1K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
11.1K
Synaptic Signaling
79.8K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
79.8K
Introduction to Membrane Traffic
9.8K
The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
9.8K
Conserved Binding Sites
5.2K
Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally...
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally...
5.2K


