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相关概念视频

Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
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Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures...
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Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance01:39

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

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In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
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相关实验视频

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Fluorescent in situ Hybridization on Mitotic Chromosomes of Mosquitoes
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Fluorescent in situ Hybridization on Mitotic Chromosomes of Mosquitoes

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线粒染色体形成的途径

Johan H Gibcus1, Kumiko Samejima2, Anton Goloborodko3

  • 1Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 20, 2018
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

线性染色体的形成涉及快速的相间组织损失和嵌套的螺旋性染色体循环的产生. 凝聚蛋白在这个过程中起着关键作用,凝聚蛋白II对于螺旋绕至关重要.

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Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo
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Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo

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Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis
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Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Fluorescent in situ Hybridization on Mitotic Chromosomes of Mosquitoes
09:00

Fluorescent in situ Hybridization on Mitotic Chromosomes of Mosquitoes

Published on: September 17, 2012

26.3K
Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo
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Observing Mitotic Division and Dynamics in a Live Zebrafish Embryo

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Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis
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Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • 遗传学

背景情况:

  • 线粒体染色体是非常紧的结构,对于精确的细胞分裂至关重要.
  • 跨相染色体被重塑成线粒染色体的确切机制尚不完全理解.
  • 在染色体凝聚过程中,染色体循环和凝聚素复合物的作用至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明线粒染色体形成的逐步途径.
  • 调查凝聚素复合体在线转化过程中的染色质循环组织中的作用.
  • 了解染色体的等级折叠成紧的线粒结构.

主要方法:

  • 同步DT40细胞培养的活细胞成像.
  • 高通量染色体形状捕获 (Hi-C) 分析
  • 聚合物模拟以建模染色体组织.

主要成果:

  • 通过一种依赖于凝定素的过程,相间组织迅速消失,形成60千基 (kb) 的循环.
  • 在 prometaphase 期间,嵌套循环结构出现: ~80kb 的内循环在 ~400kb 的外循环内.
  • 染色体在一个中心的凝聚性支架周围采用螺旋式布局,螺旋式转可以扩展到12个兆基.
  • 确定了凝聚素I和II的不同作用,而凝聚素II对于螺旋绕至关重要.

结论:

  • 线性染色体的形成涉及到一个层次的循环巢和螺旋绕过程.
  • 凝聚素复合体,特别是凝聚素II,是线粒分裂过程中染色体组织的重要调节剂.
  • 这项研究揭示了线粒染色体折叠的详细路径,从最初的循环形成到大规模的螺旋结构.