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相关概念视频

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In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
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胎儿酒精频谱障碍在美国4个社区的流行

Philip A May1,2, Christina D Chambers3,4, Wendy O Kalberg2

  • 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill.

JAMA
|February 8, 2018
PubMed
概括

根据2010-2016年的一项研究,胎儿酒精频谱障碍 (FASD) 影响了1.1%至5.0%的美国一年级学生. 这些发现凸显了对这些终身残疾的最新流行数据的需要.

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科学领域:

  • 儿童医学
  • 公共卫生
  • 神经科学

背景情况:

  • 胎儿酒精频谱障碍 (FASD) 代表了严重的终身残疾,目前在不同美国人群中的流行数据有限.
  • 之前的估计表明患病率为每1000名儿童中有10名,但需要进行新的,更大规模的研究.

研究的目的:

  • 估计包括胎儿酒精综合症,部分胎儿酒精综合症和与酒精有关的神经发育障碍在内的四个不同美国地区的患病率.
  • 在当代,多样化的人口样本中提供FASD的最新流行数据.

主要方法:

  • 一项横截面研究从2010年到2016年使用了活跃病例确定,评估了美国四个社区的一年级儿童.
  • 系统评估涵盖了四个主要领域:形特征,身体成长,神经行为发展和产前酒精暴露.
  • 收集了6639名一年级学生的数据,分析的重点是保守的和加权的患病率估计.

主要成果:

  • 这项研究在6639名一年级学生中发现了222例FASD.
  • 保守的FASD患病率估计为每1000名儿童中的11. 3至50. 0 (1. 1%至5. 0%).
  • 权衡的患病率估计显示每1000名儿童中有31.1至98.5名 (3.1%至9.9%).

结论:

  • 使用保守估计方法,美国社区的第一年级学生中估计的FASD患病率在1.1%至5.0%之间.
  • 与较旧的数据相比,这些发现提供了更准确的美国流行率估计.
  • 这些估计对所有美国社区的概括性可能有限.