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相关概念视频

Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

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Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
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Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Primary Distribution01:28

Primary Distribution

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Primary distribution systems deliver electrical power from substations to consumers through various voltage classes, with 15-kV class voltages being predominant among U.S. utilities. Older 2.5- and 5-kV classes are being replaced by 15-kV primaries, while higher 25- to 34.5-kV classes are used in high-density urban areas and rural regions with long feeders. Three-phase, four-wire multigrounded systems are widely employed for balanced power delivery, using the neutral wire as a grounding point.
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Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

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Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
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Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia
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初级硬化性胆管炎

Jessica K Dyson1, Ulrich Beuers2, David E J Jones1

  • 1Department of Hepatology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|February 18, 2018
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

初级硬化性胆道炎 (PSC) 是一种罕见的肝病,导致胆道纤维化和功能障碍. 目前的治疗方法缺乏已证明的生存益处,这凸显出需要新的治疗策略.

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科学领域:

  • 肝病学
  • 胃肠病学
  • 免疫学

背景情况:

  • 初级硬化性胆脉炎 (PSC) 是一种慢性,罕见的胆脉性肝病,其特征是胆道纤维化和硬化.
  • 这会导致胆汁流失,肝脏功能障碍和潜在的并发症,
  • 病因包括遗传,环境和越来越多的肠道微生物组因素.

研究的目的:

  • 总结一下目前对原发性硬化性胆管炎的理解.
  • 突出诊断标准,相关情况和管理挑战.
  • 强调对有效治疗和早期恶性瘤检测的需求.

主要方法:

  • 对原发性硬化性胆道炎的现有文献的审查.
  • 诊断标记的分析,包括肝脏生物化学和胆血管学.
  • 检查遗传和环境因素的致病作用,包括肠道微生物群.

主要成果:

  • 诊断的标志包括胆固醇的肝脏生物化学和胆管严格.
  • 一个高的并发症率 (约. 70%) 存在炎症性肠道疾病,需要监测.
  • 恶性瘤的风险增加,特别是胆管癌,需要改进早期检测策略.

结论:

  • 原发性硬化性胆管炎存在诊断挑战和重大管理障碍.
  • 没有任何药物证明可以改善无移植生存,并且移植后复发是常见的.
  • 进一步研究致病和向治疗对于改善患者的结果至关重要.