在亡过程中,BAK/BAX巨孔促进线粒体和mtDNA流出
Kate McArthur1,2,3, Lachlan W Whitehead4,2, John M Heddleston5
1Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. kate.mcarthur@monash.edu benjamin.kile@monash.edu.
概括
死亡的细胞释放线粒体DNA (mtDNA),通过cGAS/STING通路触发天生的免疫力. BAK/BAX孔允许内线粒体膜,暴露mtDNA并激活I型干扰素信号.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学
- 免疫学
- 分子生物学
背景情况:
- 通过BAK和BAX蛋白质的线粒体外膜透 (MOMP) 启动了细胞亡.
- 缺少活跃的细胞可以通过线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 激活cGAS/STING天生的免疫通路.
- 通过mtDNA访问cGAS等细胞体传感器的机制尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 在细胞亡过程中如何进入细胞质.
- 阐明BAK/BAX毛孔在mtDNA释放和先天免疫激活中的作用.
主要方法:
- 使用活细胞晶格光片显微镜可视化小鼠胚胎纤维细胞中的线粒体网络动态.
- 这项研究重点研究了经历BAK/ BAX介导的细胞亡并损失了细胞染色体c.
主要成果:
- 激活BAK/BAX导致线粒体网络分解,并在线粒体外膜中形成大孔.
- 这些BAK/BAX巨孔促进了线粒体内膜进入细胞质的变.
- 便将线粒体基质含量,包括mtDNA,输入细胞质中,使cGAS/STING通路激活.
- 观察到活跃的酶会拆解细胞,可能会抑制mtDNA诱导的免疫信号.
结论:
- BAK/BAX介导的巨孔对于线粒体内膜和细胞核释放的mtDNA在亡过程中至关重要.
- 这种裂机制解释了mtDNA如何访问细胞原生免疫传感器.
- 细胞分解可以限制自我DNA触发的炎症.
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