主要的新微生物群体扩大了多样性,改变了我们对生命树的理解
Cindy J Castelle1, Jillian F Banfield2
1Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Cell
|March 10, 2018
概括
新的基因组揭示了主要的微生物系,如细菌候选类辐射 (CPR) 和阿斯加德古生物,重塑了生命树和我们对微生物进化和作用的理解.
科学领域:
- 微生物学
- 进化生物学
- 基因组学
背景情况:
- 培养独立的基因组学使得从以前未培养的微生物血统中恢复基因组.
- 已经确定了主要的新微生物系,包括细菌候选细胞系辐射 (CPR),DPANN古生物和阿斯加德古生物.
- CPR和DPANN有机体通常是共生生物,而阿斯加德古生物则具有类似于真核生物的系统.
研究的目的:
- 为了说明新发现的基因组如何影响生命树的结构.
- 证明对微生物生物学,进化和代谢功能的改变理解.
- 突出基因组数据在重建微生物多样性和进化史中的重要性.
主要方法:
- 使用培养独立的基因组学来恢复和分析候选类的基因组.
- 包含新的基因组数据以重建进化关系的遗传学分析.
- 对比基因组学推断新型微生物系的代谢作用和生物特征.
主要成果:
- 主要新型微生物系的划定:细菌候选菌群辐射 (CPR),DPANN古生物和阿斯加德古生物.
- 确定CPR和DPANN生物主要是共生生物,其中一些是副共生生物.
- 阿斯加德古生物的基因组显示出典型的真核生物系统,在遗传学上将真核生物置于古生物内部.
结论:
- 新的基因组从根本上改变了生命树的结构.
- 我们对微生物进化,生物学和生物地化学过程中的代谢作用的理解已经发生了重大变化.
- 候选类型的基因组恢复为探索微生物多样性和早期生命进化开辟了新的途径.
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