预防皮肤癌的行为咨询:美国预防服务工作组建议声明
, David C Grossman1, Susan J Curry2
1Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle.
JAMA
|March 21, 2018
概括
行为辅导有效地提高了年轻人对阳光的保护. 对于成年人来说,建议对紫外线暴露进行选择性咨询,而皮肤自我检查的证据是不够的.
科学领域:
- 皮肤病学
- 预防医学
- 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 皮肤癌是美国最常见的癌症,
- 非黑色素瘤皮肤癌,基底细胞癌和状细胞癌是最常见的类型.
- 美国预防服务工作组 (USPSTF) 更新了关于皮肤癌预防和查的建议.
研究的目的:
- 更新2012年USPSTF关于预防原发性皮肤癌的行为咨询建议.
- 通过皮肤自我检查更新2009年USPSTF关于皮肤癌查的建议.
主要方法:
- 对阳光保护咨询及其对中间结果和皮肤癌发病率的影响进行了审查.
- 评估咨询,行为改变和皮肤癌之间的联系.
- 评估咨询的危害以及对防晒行为的改变.
- 检查了皮肤自我检查咨询及其对皮肤癌症结果和危害的影响.
主要成果:
- 在儿童,青少年和年轻成年人 (年龄在24岁以下) 中,行为咨询适度有利于防晒行为.
- 对于24岁以上的白皮肤成年人来说, 咨询会增加他们的防晒行为.
- 关于建议成年人进行皮肤自我检查以预防皮肤癌的益处和危害的证据不足.
结论:
- 建议6个月至24岁的肤浅人群接受咨询,以尽量减少紫外线辐射和皮肤癌风险.
- 临床医生应选择性地为24岁以上的皮肤浅白的成年人提供建议,以尽量减少紫外线暴露,并考虑个体风险因素.
- 没有足够的证据来评估建议成年人进行皮肤自我检查以预防皮肤癌的益处和危害.
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