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The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
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Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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破坏稳定的突变编码了推动进化创新的非遗传变异

Katherine L Petrie1,2, Nathan D Palmer3, Daniel T Johnson3

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, University of California (UC) San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. kpetrie@ucsd.edu jrmeyer@ucsd.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 31, 2018
PubMed
概括

菌体兰巴的J基因突变允许它通过改变其受体结合来感染新宿主. 这表明蛋白质变异如何通过启用新功能来推动进化创新.

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科学领域:

  • 进化生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • 病毒学

背景情况:

  • 进化创新往往来自基因重定位,但底层机制仍有争议.
  • 菌体lamda (λ) 使用其J蛋白来识别宿主,与Lamb受体结合.

研究的目的:

  • 研究菌体兰巴达的宿主识别基因J的新功能.
  • 探索J基因的突变如何促进适应新受体.

主要方法:

  • 发现菌体Lambda的J基因中的突变.
  • 评估突变菌体对原生 (LamB) 和新 (OmpF) 受体的吸附.
  • 分析突变对J蛋白和菌素粒子的结构和功能后果.

主要成果:

  • 基因J的突变增强了对本源LambB受体的吸附,并使其与OmpF受体结合.
  • 这些突变破坏了菌体兰巴粒子的稳定性,从而诱导了J蛋白的构造性双稳定性.
  • 这种双稳定性导致后代菌体具有多种表型,每个表型适应不同的受体.

结论:

  • 非遗传性蛋白质变异,通过像构造性双稳定性这样的机制,可以催化进化创新.
  • 一个单一的基因型表现出多个表型可能是进化的常见驱动因素.
  • 这项研究为了解病毒如何适应和进化新宿主范围提供了一个模型.